Understanding the network A strategy for water loss Assessing losses Defining water loss and leakage Comparisons of water losses Experience of the UK water industryŻ.4 Water balance - UK methodology The IWA international standard An example water balance calculation Measuring or estimating the components of water balance Techniques for reviewing the network operating practices Techniques for quantifying leakage International comparisons Performance indicators and target setting The IWA performance measures structure Non-revenue water: financial performance indicators Apparent losses Real losses Performance indicators in England and Wales Losses in Water Distribution Networks Developing a strategy Economics of water loss Economic level of leakage Setting targets for leakage The impact of regulation on the water industry A practical approach Computer models to assess lossess Designing and introducing a strategy Upgrading the network The zoning concept Flow metering Zonal metering Network records and recording systems Surveying the network Pilot study areas Mains renewal and rehabilitation to reduce leakage Leakage monitoring and control Criteria and choice of methodology Sectorisation and zonal monitoring Leak detection and location in DMAs Leak detection policies and procedures Choice of leak detection technique Types of contract Management of leakage detection operations Repair techniques Leak detection in networks with intermittent supply Pressure management Benefits of pressure management Potential problems The relative importance of presswe management Pressure/leakage relationship Economics and cost-benefit analysis Policy issues Design of pressure management schemes Operation of PRVs Flow modulation Factors restricting the scope for pressure reduction Cavitation PRV installation Predicting a pressure-managed regime Hour to day factors Changing policies Customer demand Options for meeting increasing demand Demand management policies Customer metering Case studies Ensuring sustainability Staffing levels Education and training Operation and maintenance Assessing and monitoring performance Case study 1: An evaluation of the water distribution system for system losses in Sarina Shire Council, Australia Case study 2: Leakage control in southern Europe (Italy) Case Study 3: Leakage control and non_revenue water analysis -Water Works Corporation, Malta Appendix A: Potential savings from leakage management Appendix B: Meter installation design and schedule of materials for a zone/DMA meter Appendix C; Network records Appendix D: Conducting a water use audit Appendix E: Example training programmes.