Some mathematical tools Norms Definitions and Properties Vector Functions and Their Properties Stability of Dynamical Systems Dynamical Systems Affine in the Control Geometric, Topological, and Invariance Set Properties Adaptive Control: An Overview Adaptive Control Problem Formulation Model-Based Adaptive Control Model-Free Adaptive Control Learning-Based Adaptive Control Conclusion Extremum Seeking-Based Iterative Feedback Gains Tuning Theory Basic Notations and Definitions Problem Formulation Extremum Seeking-Based Iterative Gain Tuning for Input-Output Linearization Control Mechatronics Example Conclusion and Discussion of Open Problems Extremum Seeking-Based Indirect Adaptive Control Basic Notations and Definitions ES-Based Indirect Adaptive Controller for the Case of General Nonlinear Models with Constant Model Uncertainties ES-Based Indirect Adaptive Controller for General Nonlinear Models with Time-Varying Model Uncertainties The Case of Nonlinear Models Affine in the Control Mechatronics Examples Extremum Seeking-BasedReal-Time Parametric Identification for Nonlinear Systems Basic Notations and ES-BasedOpen-Loop Parametric Identification for Nonlinear Systems ES-Based Closed-Loop Parametric Identification for Nonlinear Systems Identification and Stable PDEs' Model Reduction by ES Application Examples Conclusion and Open Problems Extremum Seeking-Based Iterative Learning Model Predictive Control (ESILC-MPC) Notation and Basic Definitions Problem Formulation The DIRECT ES-Based Iterative Learning MPC Dither MES-Based Adaptive MPC Numerical Examples.