Industrial applications Spray drying Pollution control Transport systems Fluidized beds Manufacturing and material processing Energy conversion and propulsion Pulverized-coal-fired furnaces Solid propellant rocket Fire suppression and control Properties of Dispersed Phase Flows Concept of a continuum Density and volume fraction Particle or droplet spacing Response times Stokes number Dilute versus dense flows Phase coupling Mass coupling Momentum coupling Energy coupling Properties of an equilibrium mixture Size Distribution Discrete size distributions Continuous size distributions Statistical parameters Mode Mean Variance Median Sauter mean diameter Frequently used size distributions Log-normal distribution Rosin-Rammler distribution Log-hyperbolic distribution Particle-Fluid Interaction Single-particle equations Continuity equation Translational momentum equation Angular momentum equation Energy equation Mass coupling Evaporation or condensation Mass transfer from slurry droplets Combustion Linear momentum coupling Particle drag forces Particle lift forces Equation summary Body forces Rotational momentum coupling Energy coupling Convective heat transfer Transient term Radiative heat transfer Dielectric heating Particle-Particle Interaction Particle-particle interaction Hard sphere model Soft sphere model (DSEM) Hard sphere simulation of a soft sphere model Cohesive force van der Waals forces Solid particle agglomeration Fluid forces on approaching particles Particle-wall interaction Momentum and energy exchange at walls Irregular bouncing Erosion Continuous Phase Equations Averaging procedures Time averaging Volume averaging Ensemble averaging Volume averaging Property flux through a particle cloud Volume-averaged conservation equations Quasi-one-dimensional low Continuity equation Momentum equation Energy equation Turbulence Review of turbulence in single-phase flow General features of turbulence Modeling single-phase turbulence Turbulence modulation by particles Review of modulation models Empirical Models Turbulence models with dusty-gas equations Point particle models Models based on volume averaging Basic test case for turbulence models Volume-averaged turbulence models Defining volume-averaged turbulence Turbulence kinetic energy equation Turbulence dissipation equation Turbulence Reynolds stress equation Application to experimental results Droplet-Particle Cloud Equations Discrete Element Method (DEM) Discrete Parcel Method (DPM) Non-dense flows Dense flows Two-fluid model PDF models Numerical Modeling Complete Numerical Simulation DNS models Model formulation and solution procedure Application to particle-laden flows Current status LES models Model formulation Application to particle-laden flows VANS numerical models Boundary conditions Numerical solution procedures Application examples Experimental Methods Sampling methods Imaging methods, microscopy Sieving analysis Sedimentation methods Electrical sensing zone method (Coulter principle) Optical analysis Integral methods Light attenuation Laser-diffraction method Cross-correlation techniques Local measurement techniques Isokinetic sampling Optical fiber probes Scattering intensity measurements Laser-Doppler anemometry Phase-Doppler anemometry Imaging techniques Single-Particle Equations Reynolds transport theorem Mass conservation Momentum conservation Linear momentum Moment of momentum Energy conservation Heat transfer to particle Work rate of particles on surroundings Volume Averaging Volume average of the gradient operation Volume averaging of the time derivative Volume-Averaged Equations Continuity equation Momentum equation Energy equation Thermal energy equation Mechanical energy equation Total energy equation Turbulence Equations Turbulence energy Continuity and momentum equations Mechanical energy equation Turbulence energy equation Turbulence dissipation Volume averaging The dissipation transport equation Reynolds stress Volume-averaged momentum equations Volume average for the Reynolds stress Reynolds stress equation E Brownian Motion