Chapter 1. Road accidents - complex subject 1.1.Causes of road accidents 1.2.Road accidents - Poland vs Europę 1.3.Road accidents forecasts 1.4.Safety - the main direction of vehicles' development Chapter 2. Anthropometric models of dummies used in crash tests - a review 2.1.The beginnings of the anthropometric dummies 2.2.Dummies used for frontal collision tests 2.3.Dummies used for rear-end collision tests 2.4.Dummies used for side tests 2.5.Dummies used in the simulation studies Chapter 3. Dummies used to simulate collisions at the Kielce University of Technology 3.1.Types of physical dummies used for crash tests 3.2.Construction of crash test dummies 3.3.Joints' construction of the physical dummy 3.4.Selection of stiffness and damping characteristics in the dummies joints 3.5.Comparative analysis of the displacements of individual body parts of the physical dummy and the simulation dummy 3.6.Experimental research (test stand description) Chapter 4. Dummies used for computer simulations of collisions at the Kielce University of Technology 4.1.Creating a mathematical model of a dummy 4.2.Equations of motion of the simulation dummy 4.3.Modeling a dummy in the MSC ADAMS environment Chapter 5. Comparative analysis of experimental research and computer simulations 5.1.Comparative analysis of a dummy representing a 50th percentile małe bucket sports seat 5.2.Comparative analysis of a dummy representing a 50th percentile małe bus seat 5.3.Comparative analysis of a dummy representing a 50th percentile małe passenger vehicle seat 5.4.Comparative analysis of a dummy representing a 5th percentile female bucket sports seat 5.5.Comparative analysis of a dummy representing a 5th percentile female bus seat 5.6.Comparative analysis of a dummy representing a 5th percentile female passenger vehicle seat 5.7.Comparative analysis of physical dummies with computer simulation