Structure of the vehicle system Traditional and electronic skills required Petrol injection systems Antilock brakes Electronic system repair The'six step' approach Basic components of a vehicle electronic system Relating the six steps to vehicle systems The electronic control unir (ECID lntroduction to electronics Electrical principles Electronics How do electronic devices work? The transistor Alternator testing Testing the rectifier diodes Testing the stator circuits Anti-lock broking systems {ABS) and cruise control The wheel speed sensor A commercial vehicle ABS The cruise control system Diognostics On-board diagnostics Diagnostic codes Diagnostics on commercial vehicles Off-board diagnostics Circuit protection The fuel pump Oscilloscope testing Fault tracing aids Other fault tracing aids Trends and developments Key skills Access to repair information On-board diagnostics (OBD) Networking of ECUs Standardised fault codes Interference Fibre optics Self-diagnostics Handling information Electronic braking system Underpinning knowledge Electronic components (discrete) Circuit protection Drivers An electronic ignition system Testing the electronic module An LED driver circuit The operational amplifier Filters Light emitting' diodes Automatic control of vehicle lights Air purifier system The thyristor Digital electronics and logic devices The photo transistor Sensors Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) Using transistors to make logic devices Logic devices Other logic devices Memories A,/D conversion The multiplexer