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The Rheology Handbook : for users of rotational and oscillatory rheometers / Thomas G. Mezger. - 4th edition. - Hannover : Vincentz Verlag, 2014. - 432 strony : ilustracje ; 27 cm.

(European Coatings Library)

Autor

Mezger Thomas G. (1954- ).

Forma i typ

Książki Publikacje naukowe

Temat

Reologia

Gatunek

Monografia

Dziedzina i ujęcie

Inżynieria i technika

Bibliografia strony 395-417. Indeks.

Rheology, rheometry and viscoelasticity Deformation and flow behavior Flow behavior and viscosity Definition of terms Shearstress Shear rate Viscosity Shear load-dependent flow behavior Ideally viscous flow behavior according to Newton Types of flow illustrated by the Two-Plates Model Rotational tests Basic principles Test modes controlled shear rate (CSR) and controlled shear stress (CSS), raw data and rheological parameters Flow curves and viscosity functions Description of the test Shear-thinning flow behavior Structures of polymers showing shear-thinning behavior Structures of dispersions showing shear-thinning behavior Shear-thickening flow behavior Structures of polymers showing shear-thickening behavior Structures of dispersions showing shear-thickening behavior Yield point Yield point determination using the flow curve diagram -.2 Yield point determination using the shear stress/deformation diagram -.3 Further information on yield points Overview: Flow curves and viscosity functions Fitting functions for flow and viscosity curves .6.1 Model function for ideally viscous flow behavior 0.2 Model functions for shear-thinning and shear-thickening flow behavior 59 Model functions for flow behavior with zero-shear and infinite-shear viscosity t .4 Model functions for flow curves with a yield point The effects of rheological additives in aąueous dispersions Time-dependent flow behavior and viscosity function Description of the test Time-dependent flow behavior of samples showing no hardening .2.1 Structural decomposition and regeneration (thixotropy and rheopexy) Test methods for irwestigating thixotropic behavior 3.4.3Time-dependent flow behavior of samples showing hardening 3.5Temperature-dependent flow behavior and viscosity function 3.5.1Description of the test 3.5.2Temperature-dependent flow behavior of samples showing no hardening 81 3.5.3Temperature-dependent flow behavior of samples showing hardening 82 3.5.4Fitting functions for curves of the temperature-dependent viscosity 83 3.6Pressure-dependent flow behavior and viscosity function 4Elastic behavior and shear modulus 4.2Definition of terms 4.2.1Deformation and strain 4.2.2Shear modulus 4.3Shear load-dependent deformation behavior 4.3.1Ideally elastic deformation behavior according to Hooke 5Viscoelastic behavior 5.1Introduction 5.2Basic principles 5.2.1Viscoelastic liąuids according to Maxwell 5.2.1.1Maxwell model 5.2.1.2Examples of the behavior of VE liąuids in practice 5.2.2Viscoelastic solids according to Kelvin/Voigt 5.2.2.1Kelvin/Voigt model 5.2.2.2Examples of the behavior of VE solids in practice 5.3Normal stresses 6Creep tests 6.2Basic principles 6.2.1Description of the test 6.2.2Ideally elastic behavior 6.2.3Ideally viscous behavior 6.2.4Viscoelastic behavior 6.3Analysis 6.3.1Behavior of the molecules 6.3.2Burgers model 6.3.3Curve discussion 6.3.4Definition of terms 6.3.4.1Zero-shear viscosity 6.3.4.2Creep compliance, and creep recovery compliance 6.3.4.3Retardation time 6.3.4.4Retardation time spectrum 6.3.5Data conversion 6.3.6Determination of the molar mass distribution 7Relaxation tests 7.2Basic principles 7.2.1Description of the test Ideally elastic behavior Ideally viscous behavior Viscoelastic behavior Analysis Behavior of the molecules Curve discussion Definition of terms 1.3.1Relaxationmodulus 1.3.2Relaxationtime 1.3.3Relaxationtime spectrum Data corwersion Determination of the molar mass distribution Oscillatory tests Basic principles Ideally elastic behavior Ideally viscous behavior Viscoelastic behavior Definition of terms The test modes controlled shear strain and controlled shear stress, raw data and rheological parameters Amplitudę sweeps Description of the test Structural character of a sample Limiting value of the LVE rangę Limiting value of the LVE rangę in terms of the shear strain .3.2 Limiting value of the LVE rangę in terms of the shear stress Determination of the yield point and the flow point by amplitudę sweeps Yield point or yield stress : ~2 Flow point or flow stress : -.3 Yield zone between yield point and flow point -.4 Evaluation of the two terms yield point and flow point Measuring programs in combination with amplitudę sweeps Freąuency-dependence of amplitudę sweeps SAOS and LAOS tests, and Lissajous diagrams Freąuency sweeps Description of the test Belwior of unlinked polymers (Solutions and melts Single Maxwell model for unlinked polymers showing a narrow MMD 2.2 Generalized Maxwell model for unlinked polymers showing a wide MMD Behavior of cross-linked polymers Belwior of dispersions and gels Comparison of superstructures using freąuency sweeps Multiwave test Data conversion Time-dependent belwior at constant dynamic-mechanical and isothermal conditions Description of the test Time-dependent belwior of samples showing no hardening Structural decomposition and regeneration (thixotropy and rheopexy) Test methods for investigating thixotropic behavior Time-dependent behavior of samples showing hardening Temperature-dependent behavior at constant dynamie mechanical conditions Description of the test Temperature-dependent behavior of samples showing no hardening 190 Temperaturę curves and structures of polymers Temperature-curves of dispersions and gels Temperature-dependent behavior of samples showing hardening Thermoanalysis (TA Time/temperature shift Temperaturę shift factor according to the WLF method The Cox/Merz relation Combined rotational and oscillatory tests Presetting rotation and oscillation in series Superposition of oscillation and rotation Complex behavior, surfactant systems Surfactant systems Surfactant structures and micelles Emulsions Mixtures of surfactants and polymers, surfactant-like polymers Applications of surfactant systems Rheological behavior of surfactant systems Typical shear behavior Shear-induced effects, shear-banding and “rheo chaos Measuring systems Concentric cylinder measuring systems (CC MS Cylinder measuring systems in generał Geometry of cylinder measuring systems showing a large gap Operating methods Calculations Narrow-gap concentric cylinder measuring systems accordingto ISO 3219 235 Geometry of ISO cylinder systems Calculations Conversion between raw data and rheological parameters Flow instabilities and secondary flow effects in cylinder measuring systems Advantages and disadvantages of cylinder measuring systems Double-gap measuring systems (DG MS Iligh-shear cylinder measuring systems (HS MS Cone-and-plate measuring systems (CP MS Geometry of cone-and-plate systems Calculations Conversion between raw data and rheological parameters Flow instabilities and secondary flow effects in CP systems Cone truncation and gap setting Maximum particie size Filling of the cone-and-plate measuring system Advantages and disadvantages of cone-and-plate measuringsystems Parallel-plate measuring systems (PP MS Geometry of parallel-plate systems Calculations Conversion between raw data and rheological parameters Flow instabilities and secondary flow effects in a PP system Recommendations for gap setting Automatic gap setting and automatic gap control using the normal force contro! option Determination of the temperaturę gradient in the sample Advantages and disadvantages of parallel-plate measuring systems Mooney/Ewart measuring systems (ME MS Relative measuring systems Measuring systems with sandblasted, profiled or serrated surfaces Spindles in the form of disks, pins, and spheres Krebs spindles or paddles Pastę spindles and rotors showing pins and vanes Bali measuring systems, performing rotationon a circular line Further relative measuring systems Measuring systems for solid torsion bars Bars showing a rectangular cross section Bars showing a circular cross section Composite materials Special measuring devices Special measuring conditions which influence rheology Magnetic fields for magneto-rheological fluids Electrical fields for electro-rheological fluids Immobilization of suspensions by extraction of fluid UV light for UV-curing materials Rheo-optical measuring devices Terms from optics Microscopy Devices for measuring anisotropy in terms of optical rotation and birefringence SALS for diffracted light ąuanta SAXS for diffracted X-rays SANS for scattered neutrons Melocity profile of flow fields Other special measuring devices Interfacial rheology on two-dimensional liąuid films lielectric analysis, and DE conductivity of materials showing electric dipoles NMR, and resonance of magnetically active atomie nuclei Other kinds of testings besides shear tests Tensile tests, extensional viscosity, and extensional rheology Tack test, stickiness and tackiness Tribology Instruments Short overview: methods for testing viscosity and elasticity Very simple determinations Flow on a horizontal piane Spreading or slump.on a horizontal piane after lifting a Container Flow on an inclined piane Flow on a vertical piane or over a special tool Flow in a channel, trough or bowl Flow cups and other pressureless capillary viscometers Devices showing rising, sinking, falling and rolling elements Penetrometers, consistometers and texture analyzers Pressurized cylinder and capillary devices Simple rotational viscometer tests Devices with vibrating or oscillating elements Rotational and oscillatory curemeters (for rubber testing Tension testers Compression testers Linear shear testers Bending or flexure testers Torsion testers Flow cups ISO cup Capillary length Calculations Flow instabilities, secondary flow effects, turbulent flow conditions in flow cups Other types of flow cups Capillary viscometers Glass capillary viscometers Calculations Determination of the molar mass of polymers using diluted polymer Solutions Determination of the viscosity index VI of petrochemicals Pressurized capillary viscometers MFR and MVR testers driven by a weight (“low-pressure capillary viscometers High-pressure capillary viscometers driven by an electric drive, for testing highly viscous and paste-like materials High-pressure capillary viscometers driven by gas pressure, for testing liąuids Falling-ball viscometers Rotational and oscillatory rheometers Rheometer set-ups Control loops Devices to measure torąues Devices to measure deflection angles and rotational speeds Bearings Temperaturę control systems Guideline for rheological tests Selection of the measuring system Rotational tests Flow and viscosity curves Time-dependent flow behavior (rotation) Step tests (rotation): structural decomposition and regeneration (“thixotropy Temperature-dependent flow behavior (rotation Oscillatory tests Amplitudę sweeps Freąuency sweeps Time-dependent viscoelastic behavior (oscillation Step tests (oscillation): structural decomposition and regeneration (“thixotropy Temperature-dependent viscoelastic behavior (oscillation Selection of the test type Behavior at rest Flow behayior Structural decomposition and regeneration (“tbixotropic behavior”, e.g. of coatings Rheologists and the historical development of rheology Development until the 19th century Development between 1800 and1900 Development between 1900 and1949 Development between 1950 and1979 Development sińce 1980 Appendix Symbols, signs and abbreviations used The Greek alphabet Conversion table for units Publications and books ISO standards ASTM standards DIN, DIN EN, DIN EN ISO and EN standards important standards for users of rotational rheometers

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